Pakistan & India Relationship

Pakistan and India, who attacked each other a few days ago and narrowly escaped a major war. If we talk about their relations from the beginning till now, their relations have not been good from the beginning. Before 1947, the relations between these two countries were like this.

* Before 1947* 

 

 *Intro* 

Before 1947, Pakistan and India were one country called British India. People from different religions like Hindu,Muslims,Sikhs, and others lived together. But over time, problems started between different groups, especially between Hindus and Muslims. These problems later led to the partition (division) of the country into India and Pakistan.

 *Living Together 😯* 

In ancient times, many civilizations lived in the Indian subcontinent, like the Indus Valley Civilization in today’s Pakistan. Over thousands of years, many kings and empires ruled the land.

During the medieval period, Muslim rulers like the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals ruled large parts of India. People from different religions lived together and shared culture, food, music, and language.

*The British Come to India*

The British East India Company came to India in the 1600s. Slowly, they took control of many parts of the country. After the 1857 War of Independence, the British government started ruling India directly.

The British used a method called "divide and rule". They made Hindus and Muslims fight each other so they could stay in power easily. This created tension between the two communities.

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 *Hindus and Muslims Fight Together for (Freedom)* 

Even with some problems, many Hindus and Muslims worked together to fight for freedom from British rule. They joined the Indian National Congress and wanted self-rule (to govern themselves).

Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi asked people to stay united and fight peacefully. Muslim leaders like Maulana Azad also worked with Hindus and believed in a united India.

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 *Shared Culture Before (Partition)* 

Before 1947, the people of India and Pakistan had many things in common. They spoke similar languages, wore similar clothes, and ate similar food. They celebrated some festivals together and shared traditions.

Even today, many things like Urdu and Hindi languages, Bollywood movies, music, and food are similar in both countries.

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 *Creation of the (Muslim League)* 

In 1906, the All-India Muslim League was formed. It wanted to protect the rights of Muslims in British India. Many Muslims were worried they would not be treated fairly in a Hindu-majority country.

The Muslim League asked for separate seats and special rights for Muslims in elections. Over time, it became stronger, especially under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

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 *Jinnah Role* 

"Jinnah" was first a member of the Indian National Congress and wanted Hindu-Muslim unity. But later, he felt Muslims would not be safe in a country ruled by Hindus. He started demanding a separate country for Muslims.

In 1940, the Muslim League passed the Pakistan Resolution in Lahore, asking for a new nation for Muslims in the north-west and east of India.

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 *Riots and Religious Violence* 

As time passed, riots and violence between Hindus and Muslims increased. Many people were killed in Bengal, Punjab, and Bihar. This made people think that living together peacefully might not be possible after the British left.

These events made the idea of "partition" more serious.

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 *The British Decide to Divide India* 

After World War II, the British were weak and tired. They wanted to leave India quickly. The British saw that Hindus and Muslims could not agree on how to share power.

So, they decided to divide British India into two countries: India for Hindus and Pakistan for Muslims. The last British Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, helped make the partition plan.

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 *Partition in 1947 (Migration)* 

On August 14, 1947, Pakistan became a new country. On August 15, 1947, India became independent. The partition caused one of the biggest migrations in history. Millions of people moved from one country to another.

Many Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan and went to India. Many Muslims left India and went to Pakistan. There was a lot of violence, and more than a million people died. Families were broken, and people lost their homes.

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 *Conclusion* 

Before 1947, Pakistan and India were one land with a shared history. People from different religions lived together, but over time, political and religious problems grew. These problems, along with British policies, led to the creation of two separate nations.

Even though the partition was painful and caused much violence and sadness, the people of India and Pakistan still share a common history and culture. Understanding "The past can help both countries work for peace and friendship 🤝 in the future".